Bug fix

docs/16BIT_TIFF_SUPPORT.md

@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 
 ## Overview
 
-This document describes the implementation of 16-bit grayscale TIFF support for YOLO object detection. The system properly loads 16-bit TIFF images, normalizes them to float32 [0-1], and passes them directly to YOLO **without uint8 conversion** to preserve the full dynamic range and avoid data loss.
+This document describes the implementation of 16-bit grayscale TIFF support for YOLO object detection. The system properly loads 16-bit TIFF images, normalizes them to float32 [0-1], and handles them appropriately for both **inference** and **training** **without uint8 conversion** to preserve the full dynamic range and avoid data loss.
 
 ## Key Features
 
 ✅ Reads 16-bit or float32 images using tifffile
 ✅ Converts to float32 [0-1] (NO uint8 conversion)
 ✅ Replicates grayscale → RGB (3 channels)
-✅ Passes numpy arrays directly to YOLO (no file I/O)  
+✅ **Inference**: Passes numpy arrays directly to YOLO (no file I/O)
+✅ **Training**: Creates float32 3-channel TIFF dataset cache
 ✅ Uses Ultralytics YOLOv8/v11 models
 ✅ Works with segmentation models
 ✅ No data loss, no double normalization, no silent clipping
@@ -46,7 +47,9 @@ Enhanced [`YOLOWrapper._prepare_source()`](../src/model/yolo_wrapper.py:231) to:
 
 ## Processing Pipeline
 
-For 16-bit TIFF files:
+### For Inference (predict)
+
+For 16-bit TIFF files during inference:
 
 1. **Load**: File loaded using `tifffile` → preserves 16-bit uint16 data
 2. **Normalize**: Convert to float32 and scale to [0, 1]
@@ -60,12 +63,28 @@ For 16-bit TIFF files:
 4. **Pass to YOLO**: Return float32 array directly (no uint8, no file I/O)
 5. **Inference**: YOLO processes the float32 [0-1] RGB array
 
+### For Training (train)
+
+During training, YOLO's internal dataloader loads images from disk, so we create a cached 3-channel dataset:
+
+1. **Detect**: Check if dataset contains 16-bit TIFF files
+2. **Create Cache**: Build float32 3-channel TIFF dataset in `data/datasets/_float32_cache/`
+3. **Convert Each Image**:
+   - Load 16-bit TIFF using `tifffile`
+   - Normalize to float32 [0-1]
+   - Replicate to 3 channels
+   - Save as float32 TIFF (preserves precision)
+4. **Copy Labels**: Copy label files unchanged
+5. **Generate data.yaml**: Points to cached 3-channel dataset
+6. **Train**: YOLO trains on float32 3-channel TIFFs
+
 ### No Data Loss!
 
-Unlike the previous approach that converted to uint8 (256 levels), the new implementation:
+Unlike approaches that convert to uint8 (256 levels), this implementation:
 - Preserves full 16-bit dynamic range (65536 levels)
 - Maintains precision with float32 representation
-- Passes data directly without intermediate file conversions
+- For inference: passes data directly without file conversions
+- For training: uses float32 TIFFs (not uint8 PNGs)
 
 ## Usage
 
@@ -188,14 +207,16 @@ This test shows the old behavior (uint8 conversion) - kept for comparison.
 
 For a 2048×2048 single-channel image:
 
-| Format | Memory | Notes |
-|--------|--------|-------|
-| Original 16-bit | 8 MB | uint16 grayscale |
-| Float32 grayscale | 16 MB | Intermediate |
-| Float32 RGB | 48 MB | Final (3 channels) |
-| uint8 RGB (old) | 12 MB | OLD approach with data loss |
+| Format | Memory | Disk Space | Notes |
+|--------|--------|------------|-------|
+| Original 16-bit | 8 MB | ~8 MB | uint16 grayscale TIFF |
+| Float32 grayscale | 16 MB | - | Intermediate |
+| Float32 3-channel | 48 MB | ~48 MB | Training cache |
+| uint8 RGB (old) | 12 MB | ~12 MB | OLD approach with data loss |
 
-The float32 approach uses ~4× more memory than uint8 but preserves **all information**.
+The float32 approach uses ~4× more memory and disk space than uint8 but preserves **all information**.
+
+**Cache Directory**: Training creates cached datasets in `data/datasets/_float32_cache/<dataset>_<hash>/`
 
 ### Why Direct Numpy Array?
 

src/gui/tabs/training_tab.py

@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ Training tab for the microscopy object detection application.
 Handles model training with YOLO.
 """
 
+import hashlib
 import shutil
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
+import numpy as np
+import tifffile
 import yaml
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, QThread, Signal
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
@@ -946,6 +949,9 @@ class TrainingTab(QWidget):
         for msg in split_messages:
             self._append_training_log(msg)
 
+        if dataset_yaml:
+            self._clear_rgb_cache_for_dataset(dataset_yaml)
+
     def _export_labels_for_split(
         self,
         split_name: str,
@@ -1165,10 +1171,43 @@ class TrainingTab(QWidget):
     ) -> Path:
         """Prepare dataset for training.
 
-        Note: With proper 16-bit TIFF support in YOLOWrapper, we no longer need
-        to create RGB-converted copies of the dataset. Images are handled directly.
+        For 16-bit TIFF files: creates 3-channel float32 TIFF versions for training.
+        This is necessary because YOLO's training dataloader loads images directly
+        from disk and expects 3 channels.
         """
-        return dataset_yaml
+        dataset_info = dataset_info or (
+            self.selected_dataset
+            if self.selected_dataset
+            and self.selected_dataset.get("yaml_path") == str(dataset_yaml)
+            else self._parse_dataset_yaml(dataset_yaml)
+        )
+
+        train_split = dataset_info.get("splits", {}).get("train") or {}
+        images_path_str = train_split.get("path")
+        if not images_path_str:
+            return dataset_yaml
+
+        images_path = Path(images_path_str)
+        if not images_path.exists():
+            return dataset_yaml
+
+        # Check if dataset has 16-bit TIFF files that need 3-channel conversion
+        if not self._dataset_has_16bit_tiff(images_path):
+            return dataset_yaml
+
+        cache_root = self._get_float32_cache_root(dataset_yaml)
+        float32_yaml = cache_root / "data.yaml"
+        if float32_yaml.exists():
+            self._append_training_log(
+                f"Detected 16-bit TIFF dataset; reusing float32 3-channel cache at {cache_root}"
+            )
+            return float32_yaml
+
+        self._append_training_log(
+            f"Detected 16-bit TIFF dataset; creating float32 3-channel cache at {cache_root}"
+        )
+        self._build_float32_dataset(cache_root, dataset_info)
+        return float32_yaml
 
     def _compose_stage_plan(self, params: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         two_stage = params.get("two_stage") or {}
@@ -1254,6 +1293,132 @@ class TrainingTab(QWidget):
                 f"    • {stage_label}: epochs={epochs}, lr0={lr0}, patience={patience}, freeze={freeze}"
             )
 
+    def _get_float32_cache_root(self, dataset_yaml: Path) -> Path:
+        """Get cache directory for float32 3-channel converted datasets."""
+        cache_base = Path("data/datasets/_float32_cache")
+        cache_base.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        key = hashlib.md5(str(dataset_yaml.parent.resolve()).encode()).hexdigest()[:8]
+        return cache_base / f"{dataset_yaml.parent.name}_{key}"
+
+    def _clear_rgb_cache_for_dataset(self, dataset_yaml: Path):
+        """Clear float32 cache for dataset."""
+        cache_root = self._get_float32_cache_root(dataset_yaml)
+        if cache_root.exists():
+            try:
+                shutil.rmtree(cache_root)
+                logger.debug(f"Removed float32 cache at {cache_root}")
+            except OSError as exc:
+                logger.warning(f"Failed to remove float32 cache {cache_root}: {exc}")
+
+    def _dataset_has_16bit_tiff(self, images_dir: Path) -> bool:
+        """Check if dataset contains 16-bit TIFF files."""
+        sample_image = self._find_first_image(images_dir)
+        if not sample_image:
+            return False
+        try:
+            if sample_image.suffix.lower() not in [".tif", ".tiff"]:
+                return False
+            img = Image(sample_image)
+            return img.dtype == np.uint16
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to inspect image {sample_image}: {exc}")
+            return False
+
+    def _find_first_image(self, directory: Path) -> Optional[Path]:
+        """Find first image in directory."""
+        if not directory.exists():
+            return None
+        for path in directory.rglob("*"):
+            if path.is_file() and path.suffix.lower() in self.allowed_extensions:
+                return path
+        return None
+
+    def _build_float32_dataset(self, cache_root: Path, dataset_info: Dict[str, Any]):
+        """Build float32 3-channel version of 16-bit TIFF dataset."""
+        if cache_root.exists():
+            shutil.rmtree(cache_root)
+        cache_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        splits = dataset_info.get("splits", {})
+        for split_name in ("train", "val", "test"):
+            split_entry = splits.get(split_name)
+            if not split_entry:
+                continue
+            images_src = Path(split_entry.get("path", ""))
+            if not images_src.exists():
+                continue
+            images_dst = cache_root / split_name / "images"
+            self._convert_16bit_to_float32_3ch(images_src, images_dst)
+
+            labels_src = self._infer_labels_dir(images_src)
+            if labels_src.exists():
+                labels_dst = cache_root / split_name / "labels"
+                self._copy_labels(labels_src, labels_dst)
+
+        class_names = dataset_info.get("class_names") or []
+        names_map = {idx: name for idx, name in enumerate(class_names)}
+        num_classes = dataset_info.get("num_classes") or len(class_names)
+
+        yaml_payload: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "path": cache_root.as_posix(),
+            "names": names_map,
+            "nc": num_classes,
+        }
+
+        for split_name in ("train", "val", "test"):
+            images_dir = cache_root / split_name / "images"
+            if images_dir.exists():
+                yaml_payload[split_name] = f"{split_name}/images"
+
+        with open(cache_root / "data.yaml", "w", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            yaml.safe_dump(yaml_payload, handle, sort_keys=False)
+
+    def _convert_16bit_to_float32_3ch(self, src_dir: Path, dst_dir: Path):
+        """Convert 16-bit TIFF images to float32 [0-1] 3-channel TIFFs.
+
+        This preserves the full dynamic range (no uint8 conversion) while
+        creating the 3-channel format that YOLO training expects.
+        """
+        for src in src_dir.rglob("*"):
+            if not src.is_file() or src.suffix.lower() not in self.allowed_extensions:
+                continue
+            relative = src.relative_to(src_dir)
+            dst = dst_dir / relative.with_suffix(".tif")
+            dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            try:
+                img_obj = Image(src)
+
+                # Check if it's a 16-bit TIFF
+                is_16bit_tiff = (
+                    src.suffix.lower() in [".tif", ".tiff"]
+                    and img_obj.dtype == np.uint16
+                )
+
+                if is_16bit_tiff:
+                    # Convert to float32 [0-1]
+                    float_data = img_obj.to_normalized_float32()
+
+                    # Replicate to 3 channels
+                    if len(float_data.shape) == 2:
+                        # H,W → H,W,3
+                        float_3ch = np.stack([float_data] * 3, axis=-1)
+                    elif len(float_data.shape) == 3 and float_data.shape[2] == 1:
+                        # H,W,1 → H,W,3
+                        float_3ch = np.repeat(float_data, 3, axis=2)
+                    else:
+                        # Already multi-channel
+                        float_3ch = float_data
+
+                    # Save as float32 TIFF (preserves full precision)
+                    tifffile.imwrite(dst, float_3ch.astype(np.float32))
+                    logger.debug(f"Converted {src} to float32 3-channel TIFF at {dst}")
+                else:
+                    # For non-16-bit images, just copy
+                    shutil.copy2(src, dst)
+
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning(f"Failed to convert {src}: {exc}")
+
     def _copy_labels(self, labels_src: Path, labels_dst: Path):
         label_files = list(labels_src.rglob("*.txt"))
         for label_file in label_files:
@@ -1350,6 +1515,10 @@ class TrainingTab(QWidget):
         self._export_labels_from_database(dataset_info)
 
         dataset_to_use = self._prepare_dataset_for_training(dataset_path, dataset_info)
+        if dataset_to_use != dataset_path:
+            self._append_training_log(
+                f"Using float32 3-channel dataset at {dataset_to_use.parent}"
+            )
 
         params = self._collect_training_params()
         stage_plan = self._compose_stage_plan(params)

tests/test_training_dataset_prep.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Test script for training dataset preparation with 16-bit TIFFs.
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+import tifffile
+from pathlib import Path
+import tempfile
+import sys
+import os
+import shutil
+
+# Add parent directory to path to import modules
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+from src.utils.image import Image
+
+
+def test_float32_3ch_conversion():
+    """Test conversion of 16-bit TIFF to float32 3-channel TIFF."""
+    print("\n=== Testing Float32 3-Channel Conversion ===")
+
+    # Create temporary directory structure
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        tmpdir = Path(tmpdir)
+        src_dir = tmpdir / "original"
+        dst_dir = tmpdir / "converted"
+        src_dir.mkdir()
+        dst_dir.mkdir()
+
+        # Create test 16-bit TIFF
+        test_data = np.zeros((100, 100), dtype=np.uint16)
+        for i in range(100):
+            for j in range(100):
+                test_data[i, j] = int((i + j) / 198 * 65535)
+
+        test_file = src_dir / "test_16bit.tif"
+        tifffile.imwrite(test_file, test_data)
+        print(f"Created test 16-bit TIFF: {test_file}")
+        print(f"  Shape: {test_data.shape}")
+        print(f"  Dtype: {test_data.dtype}")
+        print(f"  Range: [{test_data.min()}, {test_data.max()}]")
+
+        # Simulate the conversion process
+        print("\nConverting to float32 3-channel...")
+        img_obj = Image(test_file)
+
+        # Convert to float32 [0-1]
+        float_data = img_obj.to_normalized_float32()
+
+        # Replicate to 3 channels
+        if len(float_data.shape) == 2:
+            float_3ch = np.stack([float_data] * 3, axis=-1)
+        else:
+            float_3ch = float_data
+
+        # Save as float32 TIFF
+        output_file = dst_dir / "test_float32_3ch.tif"
+        tifffile.imwrite(output_file, float_3ch.astype(np.float32))
+        print(f"Saved float32 3-channel TIFF: {output_file}")
+
+        # Verify the output
+        loaded = tifffile.imread(output_file)
+        print(f"\nVerifying output:")
+        print(f"  Shape: {loaded.shape}")
+        print(f"  Dtype: {loaded.dtype}")
+        print(f"  Channels: {loaded.shape[2] if len(loaded.shape) == 3 else 1}")
+        print(f"  Range: [{loaded.min():.6f}, {loaded.max():.6f}]")
+        print(f"  Unique values: {len(np.unique(loaded[:,:,0]))}")
+
+        # Assertions
+        assert loaded.dtype == np.float32, f"Expected float32, got {loaded.dtype}"
+        assert loaded.shape[2] == 3, f"Expected 3 channels, got {loaded.shape[2]}"
+        assert (
+            0.0 <= loaded.min() <= loaded.max() <= 1.0
+        ), f"Expected [0,1] range, got [{loaded.min()}, {loaded.max()}]"
+
+        # Verify all channels are identical (replicated grayscale)
+        assert np.array_equal(
+            loaded[:, :, 0], loaded[:, :, 1]
+        ), "Channel 0 and 1 should be identical"
+        assert np.array_equal(
+            loaded[:, :, 0], loaded[:, :, 2]
+        ), "Channel 0 and 2 should be identical"
+
+        # Verify float32 precision (not quantized to uint8 steps)
+        unique_vals = len(np.unique(loaded[:, :, 0]))
+        print(f"\n  Precision check:")
+        print(f"    Unique values in channel: {unique_vals}")
+        print(f"    Source unique values: {len(np.unique(test_data))}")
+
+        # The final unique values should match source (no loss from conversion)
+        assert unique_vals == len(
+            np.unique(test_data)
+        ), f"Expected {len(np.unique(test_data))} unique values, got {unique_vals}"
+
+        print("\n✓ All conversion tests passed!")
+        print("  - Float32 dtype preserved")
+        print("  - 3 channels created")
+        print("  - Range [0-1] maintained")
+        print("  - No precision loss from conversion")
+        print("  - Channels properly replicated")
+
+        return True
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        success = test_float32_3ch_conversion()
+        sys.exit(0 if success else 1)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"\n✗ Test failed with error: {e}")
+        import traceback
+
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        sys.exit(1)